
What is Diabetes? What Caused Diabetes?
Apa itu Diabetes? Apa Penyebab Diabetes?
Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is classed as a metabolism disorder. Metabolism refers to the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth. Most of what we eat is broken down into glucose. Glucose is a form of sugar in the blood - it is the principal source of fuel for our bodies.
When our food is digested the glucose makes its way into our bloodstream. Our cells use the glucose for energy and growth. However, glucose cannot enter our cells without insulin being present - insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the glucose.
Ketika makanan kita dicerna glukosa membuat jalan ke dalam aliran darah kita.Sel-sel kita menggunakan glukosa untuk energi dan pertumbuhan. Namun, glukosa tidak bisa masukke dalam sel tanpa ada insulin - insulin memungkinkan sel-sel kita untuk mengambil di glukosa.
Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas. After eating, the pancreas automatically releases an adequate quantity of insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, and lowers the blood sugar level.
Insulin adalah hormon yang diproduksi oleh pankreas. Setelah makan, pankreas secara otomatis melepaskan jumlah yang cukup insulin untuk memindahkan glukosa hadir dalam darah kita ke dalam sel, dan menurunkan tingkat gula darah.
A person with diabetes has a condition in which the quantity of glucose in the blood is too elevated (hyperglycemia). This is because the body either does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces. This results in too much glucose building up in the blood. This excess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine. So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirements
Seseorang dengan diabetes memiliki kondisi di mana jumlah glukosa dalam darah terlalu tinggi (hiperglikemia). Hal ini karena tubuh baik tidak memproduksi cukup insulin, tidak menghasilkan insulin, atau memiliki sel-sel yang tidak merespon dengan baik terhadap insulin pankreas memproduksi. Hal ini menyebabkan glukosa terlalu banyak dalam darah. Kelebihan glukosa darah akhirnya keluar dari tubuh melalui air seni. Jadi, meskipun darah memiliki banyak glukosa, sel-sel tidak mendapatkan energi penting untuk mereka dan kebutuhan pertumbuhan mereka.
Why is it called Diabetes Mellitus?
Kenapa Disebut Diabetes Mellitus ?
Diabetes comes from Greek, and it means a siphon. Aretus the Cappadocian, a Greek physician during the second century A.D., named the condition diabainein. He described patients who were passing too much water (polyuria) - like a siphon. The word became "diabetes" from the English adoption of the Medieval Latin diabetes.
In 1675 Thomas Willis added mellitus to the term, although it is commonly referred to simply as diabetes. Mel in Latin means honey; the urine and blood of people with diabetes has excess glucose, and glucose is sweet like honey.
Di Cina kuno orang mengamati bahwa semut akan tertarik pada urin beberapa orang, karena manis. Hingga muncul istilah “Kencing Manis”.
Diabetes ada 3 Jenis :
Diabetes Type 1 - produce no insulin at all.
Diabetes Type 2 - don't produce enough insulin, or your insulin is not working properly.
Gestational Diabetes - develop diabetes just during your pregnancy.
Diabetes Tipe 2 - tidak menghasilkan cukup insulin, atau insulin tidak bekerja dengan baik.
Gestational Diabetes - menderita diabetes hanya selama kehamilan Anda.
Gestational Diabetes - menderita diabetes hanya selama kehamilan Anda.
Diabetes Types 1 & 2 are chronic medical conditions. Gestational Diabetes usually resolves itself after the birth of the child.
Treatment is effective and important
Pengobatan yang efektif dan penting
All types of diabetes are treatable, but Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes last a lifetime, there is no known cure. The patient receives regular insulin, which became medically available in 1921. The treatment for a patient with Type 1 is mainly injected insulin, plus some dietary and exercise adherence.
Semua jenis diabetes dapat diobati, tapi Tipe 1 dan Tipe 2 diabetes berlangsung seumur hidup, Obatnya belum diketahui. Pasien menerima insulin reguler, yang menjadi medis yang tersedia pada tahun 1921. Pengobatan untuk pasien dengan tipe 1 terutama disuntikkan insulin, ditambah beberapa kepatuhan diet dan olahraga.
Patients with Type 2 are usually treated with tablets, exercise and a special diet, but sometimes insulin injections are also required.
Pasien dengan Tipe 2 biasanya diobati dengan tablet, olahraga dan diet khusus, tapi kadang-kadang suntikan insulin juga diperlukan.\
If diabetes is not adequately controlled the patient has a significantly higher risk of developing complications, such as hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and nonketotic hypersosmolar coma. Longer term complications could be cardiovascular disease, retinal damage, chronic kidney failure, nerve damage, poor healing of wounds, gangrene on the feet which may lead to amputation, and erectile dysfunction.
Jika diabetes tidak dikendalikan secara memadai, pasien memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena komplikasi, seperti hipoglikemia, ketoasidosis, dan koma hypersosmolar nonketotic. Komplikasi jangka panjang bisa menjadi penyakit kardiovaskuler, kerusakan retina, gagal ginjal kronis, kerusakan saraf, penyembuhan luka yang buruk, gangren pada kaki yang dapat menyebabkan amputasi, dan disfungsi ereksi.
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